Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia (FM or FMS) is a chronic syndrome characterized by diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain, fatigue, and a wide range of other symptoms. It is not contagious, and recent studies suggest that people with fibromyalgia may be genetically predisposed. It affects more females than males, with a ratio of 9:1 by ACR (American College of Rheumatology) criteria.

Fibromyalgia is seen in 3% to 6% of the general population, and is most commonly diagnosed in individuals between the ages of 20 and 50. The nature of fibromyalgia is not well understood; some physicians believe that it may be psychosomatic. However, a new study reported in the National Fibromyalgia Association Newsletter, suggests a strong dopamine link.

Other symptoms often attributed to fibromyalgia (possibly due to another comorbid disorder) are chronic paresthesia, physical fatigue, irritable bowel syndrome, genitourinary symptoms (such as those associated with the chronic bladder condition interstitial cystitis), dermatological disorders, headaches, myoclonic twitches, and symptomatic hypoglycemia. Although it is common in people with fibromyalgia for pain to be widespread, it may also be localized in areas such as the shoulders, neck, back, hips, or other areas. Many sufferers also experience varying degrees of temporomandibular joint disorder. Not all patients have all symptoms.

Variability of Symptoms

The following factors are said to temporarily increase the suffering of patients:

• Cold weather, especially when damp
• Changes in atmospheric pressure (such as with the onset of a cold front)
• Malnutrition, hunger, or starvation
• Physical activity
• Lack of deep (stage 4) sleep
• Increase of stress

Differentials

A number of other disorders can produce essentially the same symptoms as fibromyalgia. Other disorders known to produce similar symptoms are:

• Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
• Depression
• Influenza
• Lead poisoning